Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • Therefore, consequently, hence: "Do đó" is a conjunctive adverb used to indicate a logical conclusion or result based on the preceding statement or situation. It connects a cause or reason to its effect or outcome.

Usage

• Position in a sentence: "Do đó" is typically placed at the beginning of a clause or sentence that states the result. It is often preceded by a comma or a semicolon when connecting two independent clauses.
• Function: It is used in formal writing, academic texts, reports, and logical arguments to show a cause-and-effect relationship.

Usage Examples

• Connecting two clauses:

  • Trời mưa rất to. Do đó, chúng tôi quyết định ở nhà. (It was raining heavily. Therefore, we decided to stay home.)
  • Cô ấy đã học tập rất chăm chỉ; do đó, cô ấy đã đạt điểm cao. (She studied very hard; consequently, she achieved high scores.)

• In a single sentence:

  • Dự án thiếu kinh phí do đó đã bị hoãn lại. (The project lacked funding and therefore was postponed.)

Advanced Usage

• In formal logic and argumentation: "Do đó" is crucial for constructing clear, logical arguments.

  • Tất cả con người đều sẽ chết. Socrates là một con người. Do đó, Socrates sẽ chết. (All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.)

• In academic and technical writing: It is preferred over more casual alternatives like "vì vậy" in highly formal contexts to denote a strict consequential relationship.

  • Nhu cầu năng lượng đang tăng lên, do đó cần phát triển các nguồn năng lượng tái tạo. (Energy demand is increasing; hence, renewable energy sources need to be developed.)

Variants and Related Words

• Vì vậy: Therefore, so. (Slightly less formal than "do đó", more common in everyday speech and writing.)
• Thành thử: And so, consequently. (Somewhat literary or old-fashioned.)
• Cho nên: So, therefore. (Common in both spoken and written Vietnamese.)
• Bởi vậy: Because of that, for that reason. (Emphasizes the reason slightly more.)

Synonyms

• Vì thế: For that reason, therefore.
• Nên: So, therefore. (More casual and often used in spoken language.)
• Từ đó: From that, thence. (Can indicate a logical or temporal sequence.)

Related Phrases and Structures

• Chính vì lẽ đó: Precisely for that reason, that is exactly why. (Adds emphasis to the cause.)

  • Anh ấy luôn trung thực. Chính vì lẽ đó, mọi người đều tin tưởng anh. (He is always honest. Precisely for that reason, everyone trusts him.)

• Do vậy: A slightly shortened, synonymous form of "do đó".

  • Kế hoạch có nhiều thiếu sót. Do vậy, nó không thể được thông qua. (The plan has many shortcomings. Therefore, it cannot be approved.)

1. Consequently, hence